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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Introduction and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 890
Introduction: A living system grows, sustains and reproduces itself. The most amazing thing about a living system is that it is composed of non-living atoms and molecules. The pursuit of knowledge of what goes on chemically within a li...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Introduction and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 891
Following sections must be covered to understand the Biomolecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Enzymes 4. Vitamins 5. Nucleic Acids...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Target Setup for Biomolecules - Study ref# 892
Student requires to achieve the following milestones to get better grip over Biomolecules. The milestones / targets are as follows: Starting Point: Days 0Test TypeAppear on TestTarget TestsScorePractice Test000%Chapter Test000%Su...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Importance and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 761
Introduction: There is a wide diversity in living organisms in our biosphere. Now a question that arises in our mind is : Are all living organisms made of the same chemicals, i.e., elements and compounds ? You have learnt in chemist...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Importance and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 762
Following sections must be covered to understand the Biomolecules: 1. How to analyze chemical composition? 2. Primary and Secondary Metabolites 3. Biomacromolecules 4. Proteins 5. Polysacharides 6. Nucleic Acids 7. Structur...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Target Setup for Biomolecules - Study ref# 763
Student requires to achieve the following milestones to get better grip over Biomolecules. The milestones / targets are as follows:Starting Point: Days 0Test TypeAppear on TestTarget TestsScorePractice Test000%Chapter Test000%Subject ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4129
What are unsaturated and saturated fatty acids give example of them? Answer: The term unsaturated refers to the presence of one or more double bonds between carbons as in alkenes. A saturated fatty acid has all bonding positions between carbons oc...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4130
What are phospholipids? Answer: Phospholipids are defined as phosphorous that contains fats. The most important varieties of phospholipids are lecithins and sphingomyelin. Phospholipids are greasy or waxy compounds. They are mainly found in the membr...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4131
What are the difference between oils and fats? Answer: The difference between fats and oils is in their melting point. Fats tend to be solids at room temperature; oils tend to be liquid at room temperature. To turn a fat into oil, merely raise its te...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4132
What is the composition of triglycerides? Answer: Naturally occurring fats and oils are Triglycerides. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a Glycerol backbone. Each fatty acid consists of a Carbon-Hydrogen chain with a Carboxyl group ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4133
What are essential and non essential fatty acids? Answer: The fats and oils in our diet are made up of chains of fatty acids. These fatty acids are classified as essential or as non-essential, according to whether or not they can be produced by our b...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4134
What are essential and non essential amino acids? Answer: The essential amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities to satisfy the nutritional requirements for good health and that they must be included in the diet....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4135
What is a peptide bond? Answer: A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synth...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4136
What is zwitterion? Answer: An amino acid has both a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group. There is an internal transfer of a hydrogen ion from the -COOH group to the -NH2 group to leave an ion with both a negative charge and a posit...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4137
What are amino acids? Answer: Amino acids are those organic compounds which contain an amino group and an acidic group as substituents on the same alpha carbon....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4138
How many amino acids found to occur in proteins? Answer: Depending on the nature of the side chain (R), there are twenty different amino acids that occur in proteins....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4139
Name two aromatic amino acids? Answer: Tyrosine and Tryptophan...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4140
Why do amino acids change their structure in different pH? Answer: A specific characteristics property of amino acids is the ionizable nature of –NH2 and –COOH group and so the structure of amino acids changes in the solutions of different pHs....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4141
How many carbon atoms are present in Palmitic acid and Arachidonic acid? Answer: Palmitic acid has 16 carbon atoms and Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4142
Name the simple lipid i.e. trihydroxy propane? Answer: Glycerol is another simple lipid which is trihydroxy propane....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4143
Give the structure of ATGC? Answer: ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4144
Name the nitrogenous base that is present only in RNA? Answer: Uracil is the nitrogenous base that is present only in RNA....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4145
Mention the function of collagen in our body? Answer: It mediates platelet activation and the formation of hemostatic plugs....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4146
What is the function of GLUT-4? Answer: It regulates transport of glucose into the cell....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4147
Describe the structure of tRNA? Answer: The crystal structures of several tRNA molecules have been determined. All tRNA molecules have very similar secondary structures in which the single-stranded chain is folded in a clover-leaf structure that has ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4148
Describe the structure of ribosomal RNA? Answer: The ribosome is a large machinery (~ 20 nm in diameter, 70S sedimentation rate for bacterial ribosomes) and is made of two subunits: a large subunit (~50S) and a small subunit (~ 30S). The large sub...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4149
What is messenger RNA? Answer: Messenger RNA (mRNA) which acts as a template for protein synthesis and has the same sequence of bases (read from the 5' to the 3' end) as the DNA strand that has the gene sequence. mRNA can range from ~300 nucleotides ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4150
What are the types of carbohydrates? Answer: Monosaccharides - simple sugars, with multiple hydroxyl groups. Based on the number of carbons (e.g., 3, 4, 5, or 6) a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose, etc. Disaccharides - two...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4151
What are glycosidic bonds? Answer: A type of covalent chemical bond that joins two simple sugars via an oxygen atom. The bond may be either above the plane of the ring as in a beta glycosidic bond or below the plane as in an alpha glycosidic linkage....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4152
In what ways cellulose differ from starch? Answer: Cellulose differs profoundly from starch in its properties.Because of the orientation of the glycosidic bonds linking the glucose residues, the rings of glucose are arranged in a flip-flop manner. Th...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4153
Why cellulose is considered as homopolymer? Answer: Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of only one kind of monosaccharide or monomer glucose....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4154
Name the polymer of fructose? Answer: Inulin is a polymer of fructose....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4155
Name a homopolyssacharide found in animal cells? Answer: Glycogen...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4156
Why cannot cellulose hold iodine molecules? Answer: Cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold the iodine molecules....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4157
Name the chemical present in the exoskeleton of arthropods? Answer: Chitin...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4158
Name the building blocks of nucleic acids? Answer: Nucleotides...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4159
Name the sugar present in nucleic acid? Answer: Pentose sugar i.e., in form of ribose and deoxyribose....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4160
How are amino acids in a protein held together? Answer: By the help of peptide bond....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4161
Which structure of proteins gives the 3D view of it? Answer: The tertiary structure....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4162
What is a phosphodiester bond? Answer: A phosphate group links the 3’ carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide with the 5’ carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4163
What are enzymes? Answer: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4164
Which is the active site of an enzyme? Answer: The site of the enzymes where the substrate binds is known as the active site of enzymes....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4165
What is Km value of an enzyme? Answer: The concentration of the substrate at which half the maximum velocity of the enzyme reaction is attained is called Km value or Michaelis constant....
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4166
What is hormone? Answer: One of the chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, whose secretions are liberated directly into the bloodstream and transported to a distant part or parts of the body, where they exert a specific effect for the bene...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4167
Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA? Answer: In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick deduced the three dimensional structure of DNA. This brilliant research work ranks as one of the most IMPORTANT in biology because it led the way to an underst...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4168
What are nucleosides and nucleotides? Answer: NucleosidesThese are compounds in which the base is covalently bound to a sugar. If the base is bound to ribose the result is a ribonucleoside, and if bound to deoxyribose then nucleoside is deoxyribonucl...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4169
What are the main difference between RNA and DNA? Answer: RNA molecules are single-stranded The sugar in RNA is a ribose sugar (as opposed to deoxy-ribose) and has an –OH at the 2 C position highlighted in red in the figure below (DNA sugars have –H ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4170
Discuss in detail about the protein structures? Answer: Primary protein structure: The primary structure of peptides and proteins refers to the linear number and order of the amino acids present. The convention for the designation of the order of ...
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NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Mineral Nutrition - Study ref# 4415
List features of essential elements? Answer: Features of essential elements: a) They are very specific and are not replace by other elements. b) These elements are directly involve in different life cycle of plants. Functions:...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10008
Glycogen is a branched chain polymer of α-D glucose units in which chain is formed by glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by the formation of C1-C6 glycosidic linkage. Structure of glycogen is similar to …….. . (a) am...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10009
Sucrose (cane sugar) is a disaccharide. One molecule of sucrose on hydrolysis gives……. . (a) 2 molecules of glucose (b) 2 molecules of glucose + 1molecule of fructose (c)1 molecule of glucose + 1 molecule of fructose (...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10010
Which of the following pairs represents anomers? Hints- This problem is based on the concept of anomer. Saccharide which differ in configuration at C-1 are known as anomers. Answer: Anomers have different configuration at C-1. ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10011
Which of the following acids is a vitamin? (a) Aspartic acid (b) Ascorbic acid (c) Adipic acid (d) Saccharide acid Answer: (b) Ascorbic acid is the chemical name of vitamin C. While others are not vitamins aspartic acid is an ami...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10012
Nucleic acids are the polymers of (a) nucleosides (b) nucleotides (c) bases (d) sugars Answer: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides in which nucleic acids are linked together by phosphodiester linkage. e.g., D.N.A...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10013
DNA and RNA contain four bases each. Which of the following bases is not present in RNA? (a) Adenine (b) Uracil (c) Thymine (d) Cytosine Answer: (c) DNA contain four bases adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. While RNA conta...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10014
Which of the following reactions of glucose can be explained only by its cyclic structure? (a) Glucose forms pentaacetate (b) Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime (c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxy...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10015
Structure of disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose is given below. Identify anomeric carbon atoms in monosaccharide units. (a) ‘a’ carbon of glucose and ‘a’ carbon of fructose (b) ‘a’ carbon of glucose and ‘e’ carbon of fr...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10016
Proteins can be classified into two types on the basis of their molecular shape, i.e., fibrous proteins and globular proteins. Examples of globular proteins are (a) insulin (b) keratin (c) albumin (d) myosin An...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10017
Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic? Hints – This problem is based on concept of nature of amino a...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10018
In fibrous proteins, polypeptide chains are held together by….. . (a) van der Waals forces (b) disulphide linkage (c) electrostatic forces of attraction (d) hydrogen bonds Answer: (b, d) In ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10019
How do you explain the presence of all the six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain? Answer: Glucose on heating with HI produces n-hexane. This suggests that all the six carbon atoms of glucose are linked in a straight chain....
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10020
Name the linkage connecting monosaccharide units in polysaccharides. Answer: Glycosidic linkage connects monosaccharide units in polysaccharides. ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10021
Under what conditions glucose is converted to gluconic acid and saccharide acid? Answer: Glucose on oxidation with produces gluconic acid (six carbon carboxylic acid). Glucose on oxidation with nitric acid produces saccharide acid.(d...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10022
The letters ‘D’ or ‘L’ before the name of a stereoisomer of a compound indicate the correlation of configuration of that particular stereoisomer. This refers to their relation with one of the isomers of glyceraldehyde. Predict whether the fo...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10023
Which sugar is called invert sugar? Why is it called so? Answer: Sucrose is dextrorotatory but sucrose on hydrolysis gives dextrorotatory glucose and laevorotatory fructose. Hence, mixture becomes laevorotatory. This sugar which on hydrol...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10024
Α-helix is a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain into right handed screw like structure. Which type of interactions are responsible for making the α-helix structure stable? Answer: 𝛂- ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10025
During curdling of milk, what happens to sugar present in it? Answer: Curdling of milk is caused due to formation of lactic acid by the bacteria present in milk. It is an example of denaturation of protein, i.e., when a protein is subjected ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10026
How do you explain the presence of five groups in glucose molecule? Answer: Glucose on reaction with acetic anhydride produces glucose pentaacetate. This reaction explain presence of five groups....
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10027
Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the mixture obtained after hydrolysis is laevorotatory. Explain. Answer: Sucrose is dextrorotatory. On hydrolysis, it produces a mixture of glucose and fructose having specific rotation and . Thus, the respective...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10028
Why must vitamin C be supplied regularly in diet? Answer: Vitamin C is water soluble hence, they are regularly excreted in urine and cannot be stored in our body, so, they are supplied regularly in diet....
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10029
How do you explain the presence of an aldehydic group in a glucose molecule? Answer: Glucose on reaction with bromine water produces gluconic acid. This indicates the presence of CHO group. ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10030
What are glycosidic linkages? In which type of biomolecules are they present? Answer: Linkage between two monosaccharide due to oxide linkage formed by the loss of a water molecule, is known as glycosidic linkage as shown below ...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10031
Coagulation of egg white on boiling is an example of denaturation of protein. Explain it in terms of structural changes. Answer: Denuturation of proteins Protein present in egg white has a unique three dimensional structure. When it is subje...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Chemistry in Everyday Life - Study ref# 10061
The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is……. (a) on the basis of chemical structure (b) on the basis of drug action (c) on the basis of molecular targets (d) on the basis of pharmacological effect A...
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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Chemistry in Everyday Life - Study ref# 10069
Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body? (a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids (c) Vitamins (d) Proteins Answer: (c) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and ...
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