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NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Introduction and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 890

Introduction: A living system grows, sustains and reproduces itself. The most amazing thing about a living system is that it is composed of non-living atoms and molecules. The pursuit of knowledge of what goes on chemically within a li... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Introduction and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 891

Following sections must be covered to understand the Biomolecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Enzymes 4. Vitamins 5. Nucleic Acids... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Target Setup for Biomolecules - Study ref# 892

Student requires to achieve the following milestones to get better grip over Biomolecules. The milestones / targets are as follows: Starting Point: Days 0Test TypeAppear on TestTarget TestsScorePractice Test000%Chapter Test000%Su... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Importance and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 761

Introduction: There is a wide diversity in living organisms in our biosphere. Now a question that arises in our mind is : Are all living organisms made of the same chemicals, i.e., elements and compounds ? You have learnt in chemist... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Importance and Snapshot of Biomolecules - Study ref# 762

Following sections must be covered to understand the Biomolecules: 1. How to analyze chemical composition? 2. Primary and Secondary Metabolites 3. Biomacromolecules 4. Proteins 5. Polysacharides 6. Nucleic Acids 7. Structur... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Target Setup for Biomolecules - Study ref# 763

Student requires to achieve the following milestones to get better grip over Biomolecules. The milestones / targets are as follows:Starting Point: Days 0Test TypeAppear on TestTarget TestsScorePractice Test000%Chapter Test000%Subject ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4129

What are unsaturated and saturated fatty acids give example of them? Answer: The term unsaturated refers to the presence of one or more double bonds between carbons as in alkenes. A saturated fatty acid has all bonding positions between carbons oc... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4130

What are phospholipids? Answer: Phospholipids are defined as phosphorous that contains fats. The most important varieties of phospholipids are lecithins and sphingomyelin. Phospholipids are greasy or waxy compounds. They are mainly found in the membr... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4131

What are the difference between oils and fats? Answer: The difference between fats and oils is in their melting point. Fats tend to be solids at room temperature; oils tend to be liquid at room temperature. To turn a fat into oil, merely raise its te... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4132

What is the composition of triglycerides? Answer: Naturally occurring fats and oils are Triglycerides. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a Glycerol backbone. Each fatty acid consists of a Carbon-Hydrogen chain with a Carboxyl group ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4133

What are essential and non essential fatty acids? Answer: The fats and oils in our diet are made up of chains of fatty acids. These fatty acids are classified as essential or as non-essential, according to whether or not they can be produced by our b... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4134

What are essential and non essential amino acids? Answer: The essential amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities to satisfy the nutritional requirements for good health and that they must be included in the diet.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4135

What is a peptide bond? Answer: A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synth... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4136

What is zwitterion? Answer: An amino acid has both a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group. There is an internal transfer of a hydrogen ion from the -COOH group to the -NH2 group to leave an ion with both a negative charge and a posit... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4137

What are amino acids? Answer: Amino acids are those organic compounds which contain an amino group and an acidic group as substituents on the same alpha carbon.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4138

How many amino acids found to occur in proteins? Answer: Depending on the nature of the side chain (R), there are twenty different amino acids that occur in proteins.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4139

Name two aromatic amino acids? Answer: Tyrosine and Tryptophan... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4140

Why do amino acids change their structure in different pH? Answer: A specific characteristics property of amino acids is the ionizable nature of –NH2 and –COOH group and so the structure of amino acids changes in the solutions of different pHs.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4141

How many carbon atoms are present in Palmitic acid and Arachidonic acid? Answer: Palmitic acid has 16 carbon atoms and Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4142

Name the simple lipid i.e. trihydroxy propane? Answer: Glycerol is another simple lipid which is trihydroxy propane.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4143

Give the structure of ATGC? Answer: ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4144

Name the nitrogenous base that is present only in RNA? Answer: Uracil is the nitrogenous base that is present only in RNA.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4145

Mention the function of collagen in our body? Answer: It mediates platelet activation and the formation of hemostatic plugs.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4146

What is the function of GLUT-4? Answer: It regulates transport of glucose into the cell.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4147

Describe the structure of tRNA? Answer: The crystal structures of several tRNA molecules have been determined. All tRNA molecules have very similar secondary structures in which the single-stranded chain is folded in a clover-leaf structure that has ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4148

Describe the structure of ribosomal RNA? Answer: The ribosome is a large machinery (~ 20 nm in diameter, 70S sedimentation rate for bacterial ribosomes) and is made of two subunits: a large subunit (~50S) and a small subunit (~ 30S). The large sub... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4149

What is messenger RNA? Answer: Messenger RNA (mRNA) which acts as a template for protein synthesis and has the same sequence of bases (read from the 5' to the 3' end) as the DNA strand that has the gene sequence. mRNA can range from ~300 nucleotides ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4150

What are the types of carbohydrates? Answer: Monosaccharides - simple sugars, with multiple hydroxyl groups. Based on the number of carbons (e.g., 3, 4, 5, or 6) a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose, etc. Disaccharides - two... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4151

What are glycosidic bonds? Answer: A type of covalent chemical bond that joins two simple sugars via an oxygen atom. The bond may be either above the plane of the ring as in a beta glycosidic bond or below the plane as in an alpha glycosidic linkage.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4152

In what ways cellulose differ from starch? Answer: Cellulose differs profoundly from starch in its properties.Because of the orientation of the glycosidic bonds linking the glucose residues, the rings of glucose are arranged in a flip-flop manner. Th... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4153

Why cellulose is considered as homopolymer? Answer: Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of only one kind of monosaccharide or monomer glucose.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4154

Name the polymer of fructose? Answer: Inulin is a polymer of fructose.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4155

Name a homopolyssacharide found in animal cells? Answer: Glycogen... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4156

Why cannot cellulose hold iodine molecules? Answer: Cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold the iodine molecules.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4157

Name the chemical present in the exoskeleton of arthropods? Answer: Chitin... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4158

Name the building blocks of nucleic acids? Answer: Nucleotides... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4159

Name the sugar present in nucleic acid? Answer: Pentose sugar i.e., in form of ribose and deoxyribose.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4160

How are amino acids in a protein held together? Answer: By the help of peptide bond.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4161

Which structure of proteins gives the 3D view of it? Answer: The tertiary structure.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4162

What is a phosphodiester bond? Answer: A phosphate group links the 3’ carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide with the 5’ carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4163

What are enzymes? Answer: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4164

Which is the active site of an enzyme? Answer: The site of the enzymes where the substrate binds is known as the active site of enzymes.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4165

What is Km value of an enzyme? Answer: The concentration of the substrate at which half the maximum velocity of the enzyme reaction is attained is called Km value or Michaelis constant.... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4166

What is hormone? Answer: One of the chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, whose secretions are liberated directly into the bloodstream and transported to a distant part or parts of the body, where they exert a specific effect for the bene... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4167

Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA? Answer: In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick deduced the three dimensional structure of DNA. This brilliant research work ranks as one of the most IMPORTANT in biology because it led the way to an underst... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4168

What are nucleosides and nucleotides? Answer: NucleosidesThese are compounds in which the base is covalently bound to a sugar. If the base is bound to ribose the result is a ribonucleoside, and if bound to deoxyribose then nucleoside is deoxyribonucl... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4169

What are the main difference between RNA and DNA? Answer: RNA molecules are single-stranded The sugar in RNA is a ribose sugar (as opposed to deoxy-ribose) and has an –OH at the 2 C position highlighted in red in the figure below (DNA sugars have –H ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Biomolecules - Study ref# 4170

Discuss in detail about the protein structures? Answer: Primary protein structure: The primary structure of peptides and proteins refers to the linear number and order of the amino acids present. The convention for the designation of the order of ... read more

NEET - Grade 11 - Biology - Mineral Nutrition - Study ref# 4415

List features of essential elements? Answer: Features of essential elements: a) They are very specific and are not replace by other elements. b) These elements are directly involve in different life cycle of plants. Functions:... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10008

Glycogen is a branched chain polymer of α-D glucose units in which chain is formed by  glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by the formation of C1-C6 glycosidic linkage. Structure of glycogen is similar to …….. . (a) am... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10009

Sucrose (cane sugar) is a disaccharide. One molecule of sucrose on hydrolysis gives…….  . (a) 2 molecules of glucose (b) 2 molecules of glucose + 1molecule of fructose (c)1 molecule of glucose + 1 molecule of fructose (... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10010

Which of the following pairs represents anomers? Hints- This problem is based on the concept of anomer. Saccharide which differ in configuration at C-1 are known as anomers. Answer: Anomers have different configuration at C-1. ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10011

Which of the following acids is a vitamin? (a) Aspartic acid    (b) Ascorbic acid    (c) Adipic acid    (d) Saccharide acid Answer: (b) Ascorbic acid is the chemical name of vitamin C. While others are not vitamins aspartic acid is an ami... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10012

Nucleic acids are the polymers of (a) nucleosides   (b) nucleotides      (c) bases         (d) sugars Answer: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides in which nucleic acids are linked together by phosphodiester linkage. e.g., D.N.A... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10013

DNA and RNA contain four bases each. Which of the following bases is not present in RNA? (a) Adenine   (b) Uracil      (c) Thymine     (d) Cytosine Answer: (c) DNA contain four bases adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. While RNA conta... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10014

Which of the following reactions of glucose can be explained only by its cyclic structure? (a) Glucose forms pentaacetate (b) Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime (c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxy... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10015

Structure of disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose is given below. Identify anomeric carbon atoms in monosaccharide units. (a) ‘a’ carbon of glucose and ‘a’ carbon of fructose (b) ‘a’ carbon of glucose and ‘e’ carbon of fr... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10016

Proteins can be classified into two types on the basis of their molecular shape, i.e., fibrous proteins and globular proteins. Examples of globular proteins are (a) insulin      (b) keratin          (c) albumin               (d) myosin An... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10017

Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic? Hints – This problem is based on concept of nature of amino a... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10018

In fibrous proteins, polypeptide chains are held together by…..  . (a) van der Waals forces                           (b) disulphide linkage (c) electrostatic forces of attraction           (d) hydrogen bonds Answer: (b, d) In ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10019

How do you explain the presence of all the six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain? Answer: Glucose on heating with HI produces n-hexane. This suggests that all the six carbon atoms of glucose are linked in a straight chain.... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10020

Name the linkage connecting monosaccharide units in polysaccharides. Answer: Glycosidic linkage connects monosaccharide units in polysaccharides. ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10021

Under what conditions glucose is converted to gluconic acid and saccharide acid? Answer: Glucose on oxidation with  produces gluconic acid (six carbon carboxylic acid). Glucose on oxidation with nitric acid produces saccharide acid.(d... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10022

The letters ‘D’ or ‘L’ before the name of a stereoisomer of a compound indicate the correlation of configuration of that particular stereoisomer. This refers to their relation with one of the isomers of glyceraldehyde. Predict whether the fo... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10023

Which sugar is called invert sugar? Why is it called so? Answer: Sucrose is dextrorotatory but sucrose on hydrolysis gives dextrorotatory glucose and laevorotatory fructose. Hence, mixture becomes laevorotatory. This sugar which on hydrol... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10024

Α-helix is a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain into right handed screw like structure. Which type of interactions are responsible for making the α-helix structure stable? Answer: 𝛂- ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10025

During curdling of milk, what happens to sugar present in it? Answer: Curdling of milk is caused due to formation of lactic acid by the bacteria present in milk. It is an example of denaturation of protein, i.e., when a protein is subjected ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10026

How do you explain the presence of five   groups in glucose molecule? Answer: Glucose on reaction with acetic anhydride produces glucose pentaacetate. This reaction explain presence of five  groups.... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10027

Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the mixture obtained after hydrolysis is laevorotatory. Explain. Answer: Sucrose is dextrorotatory. On hydrolysis, it produces a mixture of glucose and fructose having specific rotation  and  . Thus, the respective... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10028

Why must vitamin C be supplied regularly in diet? Answer: Vitamin C is water soluble hence, they are regularly excreted in urine and cannot be stored in our body, so, they are supplied regularly in diet.... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10029

How do you explain the presence of an aldehydic group in a glucose molecule? Answer: Glucose on reaction with bromine water produces gluconic acid. This indicates the presence of CHO group. ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10030

What are glycosidic linkages? In which type of biomolecules are they present? Answer: Linkage between two monosaccharide due to oxide linkage formed by the loss of a water molecule, is known as glycosidic linkage as shown below  ... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Biomolecules - Study ref# 10031

Coagulation of egg white on boiling is an example of denaturation of protein. Explain it in terms of structural changes. Answer: Denuturation of proteins Protein present in egg white has a unique three dimensional structure. When it is subje... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Chemistry in Everyday Life - Study ref# 10061

The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is……. (a) on the basis of chemical structure (b) on the basis of drug action (c) on the basis of molecular targets (d) on the basis of pharmacological effect A... read more

NEET - Grade 12 - Chemistry - Chemistry in Everyday Life - Study ref# 10069

Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body? (a) Carbohydrates      (b) Lipids     (c) Vitamins        (d) Proteins Answer: (c) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and ... read more

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